German Plural inflection

 

German 


Numeral of Noun / Numerus


1. Only Singular.


1-1. Substance Noun


For example: Die Milch, Das Eis, Der Zucker ,Das Brot, Das Gold, Das Ion, Das Plastik, Der Schnee, Das Wasser, etc.


1-2. Abstract noun

For example: Der Fleiß, Das Wetter, die Freude, Die Kälte, etc.


1-3. Proper Noun


For example: Die NATO, Die Titanic, etc.


2. Plural of nouns.


If you know rules of plural, you can be a master of Germal plurals!


Gender rules:


1. 80% masculine and 75% Neuter nouns take the -e plural.


2. 90% feminine nouns take the -(e)n plural.


3. If you know the nouns gender and you'll know the correct plural form ~80%.


Suffix rules:


Certain suffixes always take the same plural, regardless of Noun gender. Here are some examples.


Suffix


1. Plural forms of  -nis, -Ling, -ig, -ich : -e plural

2. Plural forms of -tum : -er +umlaut plural

3. Plural forms of -chen, -lein : no change, same.

4. Plural forms of -er, -el, -en: no change, same.

5. Plural forms of -e: -e(n) plural.


Plurals According to Category.


1. No change 


-only masculine and neuter nouns

-all nouns ending with -chen, -lein

- Ge....e Neuter nouns

-about 60% of nouns ending with -el, -er, - en (in feminine -el & -er take -n plural. )


2. Add -e


-almost all masculine nouns and neuter nouns

- feminine /neuter nouns ending with -nis or -Sal

- all masculine nouns with the endings - -eur, -ich, -ier, -ig , -ling, -ör


-many masculine nouns with the endings : -är, -ar, -ig, -an, -al ,-or, -on


3. Add -e + umlaut


-many monosyllabic masculine

- about 30 feminine

- 1 neuter: Floß (raft)


4. Add -en 


-most feminine nouns

-limited masculine and neuter 


5. Add -er +umlaut


-about 12 masculine 

- many monosyllabic neuter

- no feminine 


6. Add -s


(often foreign -origin) nouns endings with -a, -i, -o, -u, or -y


Reference: 

https://germanwithlaura.com/plurals/

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